GRE argument 概述

1 陈述题干中的论点
who recommend …… To support his recommendation, he cites the following facts : ……. Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however,
reveals that none of them lend credible support to the recommendation.

2 一二三四五六七八

一：瞎jb推论 他因
First and foremost,
A do not necessarily indicate B
The argument unfairly claims that A is the result of bbb rather than some other phenomenon.
The author ignores a host of other possible reasons for AAA
In short, without ruling out all other possible reasons for the ….., the author can not convince me that …, let alone
二：调查不充分
the survey must be shown to be reliable before I can accept any conclusion that the author reaches upon it
However the author fails to prove that the responses are accurate and the respondents are statistically significant in number
Additionally, whether the sample is representative enough to reflect the overall attitudes in terms of …. deserves to doubt
without evidence of the survey’s reliability, it is impossible to draw any firm conclusion based upon it.

三：错误类比
Even if ….., the author commits a false analogy in assuming that by the same means AAA will achieve the same results as BBB does.
The author fails to consider possible differences between AAA and BBB, which might help to bring out a different result for AAA
Perhaps ….., or perhaps …
Without accounting for these and other possible dissimilarities, any analogy between the two …. is premature and the author can not assume that AAA would bring the same results in xxxx as BBB did.

四：Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
The author commits a fallacy of “post hoc, ergo propter hoc” in assuming that BBB is the very cause of AAA.
Although BBB occurred before AAA, the only evidence is insufficient to prove a casual relationship.
In order to establish a general casual relationship between AAA and BBB, other factors that might lead to AAA should be considered and eliminated.
The author’s failure to investigate or even take into account other possible reasons for AAA renders the conclusion based upon it highly suspect.

五:并不是唯一解决途径
Even if that …. may to some extend help to solve the problems. the author unfairly assumes that … is the only means of achieving the desired result.
The author overlooked other possible means of ensuring that …., such as … and …., and so forth.
Without weighing the proposal against and ruling out alternative means of achieving the same goal, the author can not convince me that ….
is needed.

3 In sum, the … relies on certain doubtful assumptions that render it unconvincing as it stands. To substantiate the …., the author must provide …… and …… To better assess the …., I would need to know …… and ….